The district heating substation forms the interface between the public district heating network and the building's internal heating system. It typically contains a plate heat exchanger for hydraulic separation, control valves, heat meters, pumps, and safety devices. The separation decouples different pressure levels and protects the network from contamination originating in the building. Controls adapt the flow temperature and volume flow to the actual heating demand, often using outdoor temperature compensation. Compact, pre-assembled station units significantly reduce installation effort. Heat meters accurately record the energy consumed and form the basis for billing between the utility provider and the building operator, ensuring transparent and fair energy accounting.